Coronavirus: what are moderate, severe and critical COVID-19?
Granskad av Dr Sarah JarvisSenast uppdaterad av Dr Mary Elisabeth Lowth, FRCGPSenast uppdaterad 1 Apr 2020
Uppfyller patientens redaktionella riktlinjer
- Ladda nerLadda ner
- Dela
- Language
- Diskussion
- Ljudversion
- Lägg till i föredragna källor på Google
Whilst the majority of people experience a mild or asymptomatic coronavirus infection, some people will have far more serious and even life-threatening symptoms and complications.
I den här artikeln:
Videoval för Allmän information
Use Patient's coronavirus checker tool if you have any symptoms of fever or a new cough. Until you have used the tool and been advised what action to take, please stay at home and avoid contact with other people.
Cases of coronavirus and COVID-19 can generally be categorised into five groups:
Asymptomatic
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Critical
In the first of this series of two articles we looked at asymptomatic and mild infections. In this feature we will explain moderate, severe or critical coronavirus and COVID-19.
Fortsätt läsa nedan
Moderate COVID-19
If your illness gets a worse than the mild categorisation then you may move towards being a moderate case, with inflammation lower down in the lungs, so lung symptoms like hosta are more marked.
The lungs consist of large airways (bronchi), smaller airways (bronchioles) and the tiny air sacs on the end (alveoli) where oxygen is extracted from the air. They contain a fluid called surfactant which keeps the lungs stretchy and compliant and helps keep the air sacs open. Patients with moderate COVID-19 may have inflammation moving down into the bronchioles. They are more breathless and tend to have an increased heart rate, particularly if they are moving around.
With moderate COVID-19:
You may have a more troublesome hosta than those with mild symptoms.
Your temperature is more likely to reach or exceed 37.8°C.
You may be breathless on exercise, even on walking up the stairs, but not to a degree that alarms you, and if you potter around your house or sit still you are not breathless.
It may be a little sore to keep coughing but you are not in pain.
The cough may be, for a few days, very persistent, coughing many times an hour.
Your sleep may be slightly disturbed by your cough, but you do get some sleep, and you are not breathless in bed.
You may get diarré. Illamående och kräkningar are, however, unlikely.
You may have a huvudvärk, particularly if you are hot.
You may show early signs of inflammation of your lungs - you are more breathless than a mild case, where breathlessness is only slight and on exercise.
You may feel tired, but still able to move about your own home comfortably, and you can shower and self-care if you must, even though you may not want to.
You may feel dry-mouthed, from breathing through an open mouth. But when you pass urine it is still pale yellow, the colour of a glass of lager, so you are not dehydrated.
You can sit and watch TV or read a book without feeling you are struggling to breathe, or worrying that you can't breathe.
If you talk to others, nobody thinks you are confused or not making sense.
You may be able to prepare your food and drink, or you may feel too weary to do so, but you are still able to eat, even if it is less than usual. Your ability to eat is not prevented by the need to breathe.
For a few days you may feel so tired that you want to stay in bed.
You may feel miserable, weepy or low.
Moderate COVID-19 is very common. It seems to last about 7-14 days.
Seek medical advice by phone immediately if:
You have these symptoms but you are becoming increasingly breathless.
You cannot manage basic things like showering and eating.
You cannot speak in whole sentences without taking extra breaths.
You should call NHS 111 (or the relevant number for your region) to speak with a nurse.
If you are too breathless to talk to someone on the phone, or your breathing is becoming rapidly harder and faster at rest, call 999 or get someone to do it for you.
Severe COVID-19
Tillbaka till innehållSevere COVID-19 means that you have lunginflammation, which is inflammation (caused by infection) of the lungs themselves, right down into the tiny air sacs (alveoli).
Severe COVID-19 is much more likely if you are older or have any of the health conditions that make you vulnerable. Severe COVID is not impossible in the healthy but it is much less common.
Patients with severe COVID are very breathless (and may be unable to breathe at a comfortable rate on slight moving around or even at rest) and breathe faster than usual, even when sitting still. People with severe COVID cannot finish a sentence without extra breaths. They may even avoid speaking. Their oxygen levels may have fallen so the urge to breathe faster is strong.
Doctors will measure breathing rates when assessing this condition. Normal adults breathe at about 12-18 breaths per minute when they are not thinking about it. In pneumonia the rate rises, sometimes markedly. (Notera: these are adult rates. Young children breathe much faster than adults.)
If you think that you or someone you know have symptoms like this you should seek urgent medical help by telephone. You can call NHS 111 or the relevant number for your region.
If you are too breathless to talk to someone on the phone, or your breathing is becoming rapidly harder and faster at rest, call 999 or get someone to do it for you.
In severe COVID-19:
You are noticeably breathless and you can do very little.
You may be breathless, even when sitting still.
You may be unable to complete a sentence when speaking.
You may feel you are having to work hard to breathe.
Your chest, tummy or back hurts when you breathe.
Your temperature is high.
Your chest is tight, as if you can't expand it properly.
You can't keep up with your breathing, as if you had just sprinted hard (except you haven't).
You are not eating or drinking normally.
You can't read or watch TV because you are too focused on breathing or feel too unwell.
Others think you are confused.
Other common symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia include (and you do not have to have all or even most of them):
Rapid and shallow breathing.
Rapid heartbeat.
Unwell appearance.
Lowered blood pressure.
Fortsätt läsa nedan
Critical COVID-19
Tillbaka till innehållIn severe pneumonia, a condition called ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) can develop. The small air sacs in the lungs become so inflamed and wet that they tend to stick shut, and surfactant cannot do its job as there is too much inflammatory fluid in the alveoli responding to the virus. You need help with inflating your lungs. This is what a ventilator is for. People with critical COVID-19 are very unwell.
The most critical of all of these patients develop sepsis, and other bodily organs stop working - a very dangerous situation for the body.
The chances of this happening to any previously healthy individual are extremely low, but not zero. Whilst the vast majority of healthy younger people do not develop critical COVID-19, you can never say never in medicine. Worldwide amongst the hundreds of thousands of cases, there have been some young people who have become extremely sick, and even some who have died.
The majority of elderly patients also do not develop critical COVID-19, but a significant proportion do. The risk rises with age and with the health conditions that we know make you vulnerable.
The number of COVID-19 cases that we now have in the world means that even a small percentage of patients developing sepsis makes for a large number of patients. You can survive critical COVID-19 with help from intensive care, but even that is not always enough, as we are seeing worldwide.
The difference between severe and critical COVID-19 is one a hospital healthcare professional will make. Both need to be treated in hospital urgently.
You should call 999 or the relevant emergency number for your region immediately if you think you or someone you know have the symptoms of severe or critical COVID-19. Inform the call handler that you think you have coronavirus or COVID-19 symptoms.
Dr Mary Lowth är en författare eller den ursprungliga författaren till denna broschyr.
Patientval för Allmän information
COVID-19
COVID-19: how to avoid catching viruses at work
As the final COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted in England more people are being encouraged to go back to work. But as more people begin to travel to work and mix in public areas, so the risk of catching viruses increases, whether it's colds, stomach bugs or coronavirus.
av Andrea Downey
COVID-19
Är vi förberedda att bekämpa influensa och COVID-19 denna vinter?
Denna vinter kommer sannolikt att vara olik någon vi sett tidigare. Med COVID-19 och influensa som förväntas cirkulera när vädret blir kallare, finns det en ökad risk från båda infektionerna. En stor ökning av någon av virusen kommer att sätta extra press på NHS, som redan kämpar för att återhämta sig från pandemins påverkan hittills.
av Andrea Downey
Fortsätt läsa nedan
Om författarenVisa fullständig biografi
Dr Mary Elisabeth Lowth, FRCGP
MA (Cantab), MB, BChir, DFFP, DRCOG, PG Cert, Med Ed, FRCGP, MA (London)
Dr Mary Lowth var allmänläkare i Suffolk i 20 år, specialiserad på pediatrik och barnskydd, och senare på dokumentation av tortyr.
Om recensentenVisa fullständig biografi
Dr Sarah Jarvis
SEO-chef
MA (Cantab), BM, BCh (Oxon), DRCOG, FRCGP, MBE
Efter att ha utbildat sig i medicin vid Cambridge och Oxford blev Dr Sarah Jarvis MBE allmänläkare.
Artikelhistorik
Informationen på denna sida är granskad av kvalificerade kliniker.
1 Apr 2020 | Senaste versionen
Fråga, dela, anslut.
Bläddra i diskussioner, ställ frågor och dela erfarenheter inom hundratals hälsorelaterade ämnen.
Känner du dig sjuk?
Bedöm dina symtom online gratis
Anmäl dig till Patientens nyhetsbrev
Din veckovisa dos av tydliga, pålitliga hälsoråd - skrivna för att hjälpa dig känna dig informerad, självsäker och i kontroll.
Genom att prenumerera accepterar du våra Sekretesspolicy. Du kan avsluta prenumerationen när som helst. Vi säljer aldrig dina uppgifter.