NPR3 like, GATOR1 complex subunit
Last updated 14 Aug 2025
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The NPRL3 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a larger protein group (a complex) called GATOR1. This complex is made up of the NPRL3 protein and proteins made from two other genes: DEPDC5 and NPRL2. GATOR1 is found in cells throughout the body, where it regulates a signaling pathway called the mTOR pathway. The mTOR pathway is involved in cell growth and division (proliferation) and the creation (synthesis) of new proteins. In the brain, the mTOR pathway regulates many processes, including the growth and development of nerve cells and their ability to change and adapt over time (plasticity).
Normal function
The NPRL3 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a larger protein group (a complex) called GATOR1. This complex is made up of the NPRL3 protein and proteins made from two other genes: DEPDC5 and NPRL2. GATOR1 is found in cells throughout the body, where it regulates a signaling pathway called the mTOR pathway. The mTOR pathway is involved in cell growth and division (proliferation) and the creation (synthesis) of new proteins. In the brain, the mTOR pathway regulates many processes, including the growth and development of nerve cells and their ability to change and adapt over time (plasticity).
The role of the GATOR1 complex is to block this pathway by stopping (inhibiting) the activity of a complex called mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) that is integral to the mTOR pathway.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
C16orf35
CGTHBA
chromosome 16 open reading frame 35
HS-40
MARE
nitrogen permease regulator-like 3 (S. cerevisiae)
NPR3
NPR3-like, GATOR1 complex subunit
RMD11
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Further reading and references
- NPR3 like, GATOR1 complex subunit; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Baldassari S, Licchetta L, Tinuper P, Bisulli F, Pippucci T. GATOR1 complex: the common genetic actor in focal epilepsies. J Med Genet. 2016 Aug;53(8):503-10. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103883. Epub 2016 May 19.
- Baulac S. mTOR signaling pathway genes in focal epilepsies. Prog Brain Res. 2016;226:61-79. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.013. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
- Kurahashi H, Hirose S. Autosomal Dominant Sleep-Related Hypermotor (Hyperkinetic) Epilepsy. 2002 May 16 [updated 2023 Mar 23]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1169/
- Sim JC, Scerri T, Fanjul-Fernandez M, Riseley JR, Gillies G, Pope K, van Roozendaal H, Heng JI, Mandelstam SA, McGillivray G, MacGregor D, Kannan L, Maixner W, Harvey AS, Amor DJ, Delatycki MB, Crino PB, Bahlo M, Lockhart PJ, Leventer RJ. Familial cortical dysplasia caused by mutation in the mammalian target of rapamycin regulator NPRL3. Ann Neurol. 2016 Jan;79(1):132-7. doi: 10.1002/ana.24502. Epub 2015 Dec 12.
- Weckhuysen S, Marsan E, Lambrecq V, Marchal C, Morin-Brureau M, An-Gourfinkel I, Baulac M, Fohlen M, Kallay Zetchi C, Seeck M, de la Grange P, Dermaut B, Meurs A, Thomas P, Chassoux F, Leguern E, Picard F, Baulac S. Involvement of GATOR complex genes in familial focal epilepsies and focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia. 2016 Jun;57(6):994-1003. doi: 10.1111/epi.13391. Epub 2016 May 13.
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