signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
Last updated 2 May 2023
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The STAT1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in multiple immune system functions, including the body's defense against a fungus called Candida. When the immune system recognizes Candida, it generates cells called Th17 cells. These cells produce signaling molecules (cytokines) called the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family as part of an immune process called the IL-17 pathway. The IL-17 pathway creates inflammation, sending other cytokines and white blood cells that fight foreign invaders and promote tissue repair. In addition, the IL-17 pathway promotes the production of certain antimicrobial protein segments (peptides) that control growth of Candida on the surface of mucous membranes.
Normal function
The STAT1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in multiple immune system functions, including the body's defense against a fungus called Candida. When the immune system recognizes Candida, it generates cells called Th17 cells. These cells produce signaling molecules (cytokines) called the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family as part of an immune process called the IL-17 pathway. The IL-17 pathway creates inflammation, sending other cytokines and white blood cells that fight foreign invaders and promote tissue repair. In addition, the IL-17 pathway promotes the production of certain antimicrobial protein segments (peptides) that control growth of Candida on the surface of mucous membranes.
The STAT1 protein helps keep the immune system in balance by controlling the IL-17 pathway. When the STAT1 protein is turned on (activated), it blocks (inhibits) this pathway.
In contrast to its inhibitory role in the IL-17 pathway, the STAT1 protein helps promote other immune processes called the interferon-alpha/beta (IFNA/B) and interferon-gamma (IFNG) signaling pathways. The IFNA/B pathway is important in defense against viruses, and the IFNG pathway helps fight a type of bacteria called mycobacteria, which includes the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
IMD31A
IMD31B
IMD31C
ISGF-3
signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa
signal transducer and activator of transcription-1
STAT91
transcription factor ISGF-3 components p91/p84
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Further reading and references
- signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Boisson-Dupuis S, Kong XF, Okada S, Cypowyj S, Puel A, Abel L, Casanova JL. Inborn errors of human STAT1: allelic heterogeneity governs the diversity of immunological and infectious phenotypes. Curr Opin Immunol. 2012 Aug;24(4):364-78. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.04.011. Epub 2012 May 30.
- Depner M, Fuchs S, Raabe J, Frede N, Glocker C, Doffinger R, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Kumararatne D, Atkinson TP, Schroeder HW Jr, Niehues T, Duckers G, Stray-Pedersen A, Baumann U, Schmidt R, Franco JL, Orrego J, Ben-Shoshan M, McCusker C, Jacob CM, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Devlin LA, Edgar JD, Henderson P, Russell RK, Skytte AB, Seneviratne SL, Wanders J, Stauss H, Meyts I, Moens L, Jesenak M, Kobbe R, Borte S, Borte M, Wright DA, Hagin D, Torgerson TR, Grimbacher B. The Extended Clinical Phenotype of 26 Patients with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis due to Gain-of-Function Mutations in STAT1. J Clin Immunol. 2016 Jan;36(1):73-84. doi: 10.1007/s10875-015-0214-9. Epub 2015 Nov 25.
- Liu L, Okada S, Kong XF, Kreins AY, Cypowyj S, Abhyankar A, Toubiana J, Itan Y, Audry M, Nitschke P, Masson C, Toth B, Flatot J, Migaud M, Chrabieh M, Kochetkov T, Bolze A, Borghesi A, Toulon A, Hiller J, Eyerich S, Eyerich K, Gulacsy V, Chernyshova L, Chernyshov V, Bondarenko A, Grimaldo RM, Blancas-Galicia L, Beas IM, Roesler J, Magdorf K, Engelhard D, Thumerelle C, Burgel PR, Hoernes M, Drexel B, Seger R, Kusuma T, Jansson AF, Sawalle-Belohradsky J, Belohradsky B, Jouanguy E, Bustamante J, Bue M, Karin N, Wildbaum G, Bodemer C, Lortholary O, Fischer A, Blanche S, Al-Muhsen S, Reichenbach J, Kobayashi M, Rosales FE, Lozano CT, Kilic SS, Oleastro M, Etzioni A, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Renner ED, Abel L, Picard C, Marodi L, Boisson-Dupuis S, Puel A, Casanova JL. Gain-of-function human STAT1 mutations impair IL-17 immunity and underlie chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. J Exp Med. 2011 Aug 1;208(8):1635-48. doi: 10.1084/jem.20110958. Epub 2011 Jul 4.
- Mizoguchi Y, Tsumura M, Okada S, Hirata O, Minegishi S, Imai K, Hyakuna N, Muramatsu H, Kojima S, Ozaki Y, Imai T, Takeda S, Okazaki T, Ito T, Yasunaga S, Takihara Y, Bryant VL, Kong XF, Cypowyj S, Boisson-Dupuis S, Puel A, Casanova JL, Morio T, Kobayashi M. Simple diagnosis of STAT1 gain-of-function alleles in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. J Leukoc Biol. 2014 Apr;95(4):667-76. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0513250. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
- Smeekens SP, van de Veerdonk FL, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG. Genetic susceptibility to Candida infections. EMBO Mol Med. 2013 Jun;5(6):805-13. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201201678. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
- Soltesz B, Toth B, Shabashova N, Bondarenko A, Okada S, Cypowyj S, Abhyankar A, Csorba G, Tasko S, Sarkadi AK, Mehes L, Rozsival P, Neumann D, Chernyshova L, Tulassay Z, Puel A, Casanova JL, Sediva A, Litzman J, Marodi L. New and recurrent gain-of-function STAT1 mutations in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis from Eastern and Central Europe. J Med Genet. 2013 Sep;50(9):567-78. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101570. Epub 2013 May 24.
- Toubiana J, Okada S, Hiller J, Oleastro M, Lagos Gomez M, Aldave Becerra JC, Ouachee-Chardin M, Fouyssac F, Girisha KM, Etzioni A, Van Montfrans J, Camcioglu Y, Kerns LA, Belohradsky B, Blanche S, Bousfiha A, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Meyts I, Kisand K, Reichenbach J, Renner ED, Rosenzweig S, Grimbacher B, van de Veerdonk FL, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Picard C, Marodi L, Morio T, Kobayashi M, Lilic D, Milner JD, Holland S, Casanova JL, Puel A; International STAT1 Gain-of-Function Study Group. Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly broad clinical phenotype. Blood. 2016 Jun 23;127(25):3154-64. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-679902. Epub 2016 Apr 25.
- Yamazaki Y, Yamada M, Kawai T, Morio T, Onodera M, Ueki M, Watanabe N, Takada H, Takezaki S, Chida N, Kobayashi I, Ariga T. Two novel gain-of-function mutations of STAT1 responsible for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease: impaired production of IL-17A and IL-22, and the presence of anti-IL-17F autoantibody. J Immunol. 2014 Nov 15;193(10):4880-7. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401467. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
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