wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein
Last updated 26 Jul 2023
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The WFS1 gene provides instructions for producing a protein called wolframin that is thought to regulate the amount of calcium in cells. A proper calcium balance is important for many different cellular functions, including cell-to-cell communication, the tensing (contraction) of muscles, and protein processing. The wolframin protein is found in many different tissues, such as the pancreas, brain, heart, bones, muscles, lungs, liver, and kidneys.
Normal function
The WFS1 gene provides instructions for producing a protein called wolframin that is thought to regulate the amount of calcium in cells. A proper calcium balance is important for many different cellular functions, including cell-to-cell communication, the tensing (contraction) of muscles, and protein processing. The wolframin protein is found in many different tissues, such as the pancreas, brain, heart, bones, muscles, lungs, liver, and kidneys.
Within cells, wolframin is located in the membrane of a structure called the endoplasmic reticulum. Among its many activities, the endoplasmic reticulum folds and modifies newly formed proteins so they have the correct 3-dimensional shape to function properly. The endoplasmic reticulum also helps transport proteins and other molecules to specific sites within the cell or to the cell surface.
Wolframin is thought to play a role in protein folding and aid in the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum function by regulating calcium levels. In the pancreas, wolframin may help fold a protein precursor of insulin (called proinsulin) into the mature hormone that controls blood glucose levels. In the inner ear, wolframin may help maintain the proper levels of calcium ions or other charged particles that are essential for hearing.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
DFNA14
DFNA38
DFNA6
DIDMOAD
WFRS
WFS
WFS1_HUMAN
Wolfram syndrome 1 (wolframin)
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Further reading and references
- wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Aloi C, Salina A, Pasquali L, Lugani F, Perri K, Russo C, Tallone R, Ghiggeri GM, Lorini R, d'Annunzio G. Wolfram syndrome: new mutations, different phenotype. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29150. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029150. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
- Bespalova IN, Van Camp G, Bom SJ, Brown DJ, Cryns K, DeWan AT, Erson AE, Flothmann K, Kunst HP, Kurnool P, Sivakumaran TA, Cremers CW, Leal SM, Burmeister M, Lesperance MM. Mutations in the Wolfram syndrome 1 gene (WFS1) are a common cause of low frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Oct 15;10(22):2501-8. doi: 10.1093/hmg/10.22.2501.
- Cryns K, Pfister M, Pennings RJ, Bom SJ, Flothmann K, Caethoven G, Kremer H, Schatteman I, Koln KA, Toth T, Kupka S, Blin N, Nurnberg P, Thiele H, van de Heyning PH, Reardon W, Stephens D, Cremers CW, Smith RJ, Van Camp G. Mutations in the WFS1 gene that cause low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss are small non-inactivating mutations. Hum Genet. 2002 May;110(5):389-94. doi: 10.1007/s00439-002-0719-1. Epub 2002 Apr 9.
- Cryns K, Sivakumaran TA, Van den Ouweland JM, Pennings RJ, Cremers CW, Flothmann K, Young TL, Smith RJ, Lesperance MM, Van Camp G. Mutational spectrum of the WFS1 gene in Wolfram syndrome, nonsyndromic hearing impairment, diabetes mellitus, and psychiatric disease. Hum Mutat. 2003 Oct;22(4):275-87. doi: 10.1002/humu.10258.
- Cryns K, Thys S, Van Laer L, Oka Y, Pfister M, Van Nassauw L, Smith RJ, Timmermans JP, Van Camp G. The WFS1 gene, responsible for low frequency sensorineural hearing loss and Wolfram syndrome, is expressed in a variety of inner ear cells. Histochem Cell Biol. 2003 Mar;119(3):247-56. doi: 10.1007/s00418-003-0495-6. Epub 2003 Feb 19.
- Eiberg H, Hansen L, Kjer B, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Bille M, Rosenberg T, Tranebjaerg L. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy associated with hearing impairment and impaired glucose regulation caused by a missense mutation in the WFS1 gene. J Med Genet. 2006 May;43(5):435-40. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2005.034892.
- Finsterer J, Fellinger J. Nuclear and mitochondrial genes mutated in nonsyndromic impaired hearing. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 May;69(5):621-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.12.002.
- Gurtler N, Kim Y, Mhatre A, Schlegel C, Mathis A, Daniels R, Shelton C, Lalwani AK. Two families with nonsyndromic low-frequency hearing loss harbor novel mutations in Wolfram syndrome gene 1. J Mol Med (Berl). 2005 Jul;83(7):553-60. doi: 10.1007/s00109-005-0665-1. Epub 2005 May 24.
- Hofmann S, Bauer MF. Wolfram syndrome-associated mutations lead to instability and proteasomal degradation of wolframin. FEBS Lett. 2006 Jul 10;580(16):4000-4. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.036. Epub 2006 Jun 22.
- Hofmann S, Philbrook C, Gerbitz KD, Bauer MF. Wolfram syndrome: structural and functional analyses of mutant and wild-type wolframin, the WFS1 gene product. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Aug 15;12(16):2003-12. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddg214.
- Hogewind BF, Pennings RJ, Hol FA, Kunst HP, Hoefsloot EH, Cruysberg JR, Cremers CW. Autosomal dominant optic neuropathy and sensorineual hearing loss associated with a novel mutation of WFS1. Mol Vis. 2010 Jan 12;16:26-35.
- Rendtorff ND, Lodahl M, Boulahbel H, Johansen IR, Pandya A, Welch KO, Norris VW, Arnos KS, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Emery SB, Mets MB, Fagerheim T, Eriksson K, Hansen L, Bruhn H, Moller C, Lindholm S, Ensgaard S, Lesperance MM, Tranebjaerg L. Identification of p.A684V missense mutation in the WFS1 gene as a frequent cause of autosomal dominant optic atrophy and hearing impairment. Am J Med Genet A. 2011 Jun;155A(6):1298-313. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33970. Epub 2011 Apr 28.
- Rigoli L, Lombardo F, Di Bella C. Wolfram syndrome and WFS1 gene. Clin Genet. 2011 Feb;79(2):103-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01522.x. Epub 2010 Aug 26.
- Valero R, Bannwarth S, Roman S, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Vialettes B. Autosomal dominant transmission of diabetes and congenital hearing impairment secondary to a missense mutation in the WFS1 gene. Diabet Med. 2008 Jun;25(6):657-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02448.x.
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