Atopic dermatitis
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Atopic dermatitis (also known as atopic eczema) is a disorder characterised by inflammation of the skin (dermatitis). The condition usually begins in early infancy, and it often disappears before adolescence. However, in some affected individuals the condition continues into adulthood; in others, it does not begin until adulthood. Hallmarks of atopic dermatitis include dry, itchy skin and red rashes that come and go. The rashes can occur on any part of the body, although the pattern tends to be different at different ages. In affected infants, the rashes commonly occur on the face, scalp, hands, and feet. In children, the rashes are usually found in the bend of the elbows and knees and on the front of the neck. In adolescents and adults, the rashes typically occur on the wrists, ankles, and eyelids in addition to the bend of the elbows and knees. Scratching the itchy skin can lead to oozing and crusting of the rashes and thickening and hardening (lichenification) of the skin. The itchiness can be so severe as to disturb sleep and impair a person's quality of life.
Beskrivning
Atopic dermatitis (also known as atopic eczema) is a disorder characterised by inflammation of the skin (dermatitis). The condition usually begins in early infancy, and it often disappears before adolescence. However, in some affected individuals the condition continues into adulthood; in others, it does not begin until adulthood. Hallmarks of atopic dermatitis include dry, itchy skin and red rashes that come and go. The rashes can occur on any part of the body, although the pattern tends to be different at different ages. In affected infants, the rashes commonly occur on the face, scalp, hands, and feet. In children, the rashes are usually found in the bend of the elbows and knees and on the front of the neck. In adolescents and adults, the rashes typically occur on the wrists, ankles, and eyelids in addition to the bend of the elbows and knees. Scratching the itchy skin can lead to oozing and crusting of the rashes and thickening and hardening (lichenification) of the skin. The itchiness can be so severe as to disturb sleep and impair a person's quality of life.
The word "atopic" indicates an association with allergies. While atopic dermatitis is not always due to an allergic reaction, it is commonly associated with other allergic disorders: up to 60 percent of people with atopic dermatitis develop asthma or hay fever (allergic rhinitis) later in life, and up to 30 percent have food allergies. Atopic dermatitis is often the beginning of a series of allergic disorders, referred to as the "atopic march." Development of these disorders typically follows a pattern, beginning with atopic dermatitis, followed by food allergies, then hay fever, and finally asthma. However, not all individuals with atopic dermatitis will progress through the atopic march, and not all individuals with one allergic disease will develop others.
Individuals with atopic dermatitis have an increased risk of developing other conditions related to inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and hair loss caused by a malfunctioning immune reaction (alopecia areata). They also have an increased risk of having a behavioural or psychiatric disorder, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression.
In a particular subset of individuals with atopic dermatitis, the immune system is unable to protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and fungi (which is known as immunodeficiency). These individuals are prone to recurrent infections. Most also have other allergic disorders, such as asthma, hay fever, and food allergies.
Atopic dermatitis can also be a feature of separate disorders that have a number of signs and symptoms, which can include skin abnormalities and immunodeficiency. Some such disorders are Netherton syndrome; immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome; and severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Atopiskt eksem
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Eksem hos barn
Most children with eczema have atopic eczema, but some children with eczema have a different condition called contact dermatitis - which is a reaction to a substance on or near the skin. It is not unusual ... There are other types of eczema, which are much less common in children. Atopiskt eksem (sometimes called atopic dermatitis) is a skin.
Patient information leaflet
Kontaktdermatit
Contact dermatitis is a rash caused by your skin reacting to a substance it has come into contact with. A steroid cream or ointment will usually... However, dermatitis is generally grouped into two main types: Dermatitis caused by a problem from within the body. For example, atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a common condition which runs in.
Patient information leaflet
Atopiskt eksem
Eczema is sometimes called dermatitis which means inflammation of the skin. The most common type is atopic eczema. In this type of eczema there is a typical pattern of skin inflammation which causes the symptoms. About 2 in 3 children with atopic eczema grow out... What is atopic eczema. Atopic eczema is an inflammation of the skin, which tends to.
Patient information leaflet
Eksemutlösare och irriterande ämnen
In atopic eczema, avoiding certain causes (triggers) and irritants may help to prevent flare-ups of symptoms. What is eczema. The terms eczema and dermatitis mean much the same - an inflammation of the skin. It is a skin condition that causes red, itchy, sensitive skin which is often very dry. There are two main types of dermatitis/eczema: Atopic.
Patient information leaflet
Allergier
Allergies are the body's response to a substance called an allergen. Some families seem particularly prone to allergies. They have a condition known as atopy and are hence known as atopic individuals. People in atopic families can develop problems such as asthma, eczema and hay fever. See the separate leaflets called A... This is called contact.
Patient information leaflet
Mjukgörande medel och eksemkrämer
Emollients (moisturisers) är commonly used to treat eczema as they prevent the skin from becoming dry. That is, an inflammation of the skin. It causes red, itchy skin which may also... There are two main types of dermatitis/eczema: Atopic eczema. This is caused by a problem from within the body. If you have atopic eczema you are born with a.
Vidare läsning och referenser
- Atopic dermatitis; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 3;358(14):1483-94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra074081. No abstract available.
- Dadi H, Jones TA, Merico D, Sharfe N, Ovadia A, Schejter Y, Reid B, Sun M, Vong L, Atkinson A, Lavi S, Pomerantz JL, Roifman CM. Combined immunodeficiency and atopy caused by a dominant negative mutation in caspase activation and recruitment domain family member 11 (CARD11). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 May;141(5):1818-1830.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.047. Epub 2017 Aug 19.
- Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY. Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med. 2011 Oct 6;365(14):1315-27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1011040. No abstract available.
- Liang Y, Chang C, Lu Q. The Genetics and Epigenetics of Atopic Dermatitis-Filaggrin and Other Polymorphisms. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016 Dec;51(3):315-328. doi: 10.1007/s12016-015-8508-5.
- Ma CA, Stinson JR, Zhang Y, Abbott JK, Weinreich MA, Hauk PJ, Reynolds PR, Lyons JJ, Nelson CG, Ruffo E, Dorjbal B, Glauzy S, Yamakawa N, Arjunaraja S, Voss K, Stoddard J, Niemela J, Zhang Y, Rosenzweig SD, McElwee JJ, DiMaggio T, Matthews HF, Jones N, Stone KD, Palma A, Oleastro M, Prieto E, Bernasconi AR, Dubra G, Danielian S, Zaiat J, Marti MA, Kim B, Cooper MA, Romberg N, Meffre E, Gelfand EW, Snow AL, Milner JD. Germline hypomorphic CARD11 mutations in severe atopic disease. Nat Genet. 2017 Aug;49(8):1192-1201. doi: 10.1038/ng.3898. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
- O'Regan GM, Irvine AD. The role of filaggrin loss-of-function mutations in atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Oct;8(5):406-10. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32830e6fb2.
- Shaker M. New insights into the allergic march. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2014 Aug;26(4):516-20. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000120.
- Shi JH, Sun SC. TCR signaling to NF-kappaB and mTORC1: Expanding roles of the CARMA1 complex. Mol Immunol. 2015 Dec;68(2 Pt C):546-57. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.024. Epub 2015 Aug 8.
- Weidinger S, Novak N. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2016 Mar 12;387(10023):1109-1122. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00149-X. Epub 2015 Sep 13.
Artikelhistorik
Artikeln finns också på Engelska, Tyska, Spanska, Franska, Italienska, Portugisiska, Hindi, Hebreiska, Arabiska, och Svenska.
18 aug 2020 | Senaste versionen
1 Oct 2017 | Ursprungligen publicerad
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