Multiple myeloma
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Multiple myeloma is a cancer that develops in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue found in the center of most bones. The bone marrow produces red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body; white blood cells, which form the body's defenses (immune system); and platelets, which are necessary for blood clotting.
Beskrivning
Multiple myeloma is a cancer that develops in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue found in the center of most bones. The bone marrow produces red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body; white blood cells, which form the body's defenses (immune system); and platelets, which are necessary for blood clotting.
Multiple myeloma is characterised by abnormalities in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. These abnormal cells multiply out of control, increasing from about one percent of cells in the bone marrow to the majority of bone marrow cells. The abnormal cells form tumours within the bone, causing bone pain and an increased risk of fractures. If the tumours interfere with nerves near the bones, numbness or weakness in the arms or legs can occur. Affected individuals may also experience a loss of bone tissue, particularly in the skull, spine, ribs, and pelvis. The deterioration of bone can result in an excess of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can lead to nausea and loss of appetite, excessive thirst, fatigue, muscle weakness, and confusion.
The abnormal plasma cells in multiple myeloma produce proteins that impair the development of normal blood cells. As a result, affected individuals may have a reduced number of red blood cells (anaemia), which can cause fatigue, weakness, and unusually pale skin (pallor); a low number of white blood cells (leukopenia), which can result in a weakened immune system and frequent infections such as pneumonia; and a reduced number of platelets (thrombocytopenia), which can lead to abnormal bleeding and bruising. Kidney problems can also occur in this disorder, caused by hypercalcemia or by toxic proteins produced by the abnormal plasma cells.
People with multiple myeloma typically develop the disorder around age 65. Over time, affected individuals can develop life-threatening complications, but the rate at which this happens varies widely. Some affected individuals are diagnosed incidentally when tests are done for other purposes and do not experience symptoms for years.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Not inherited; Pattern unknown. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
Kahler disease
Kahler's disease
Kahler-Bozzolo disease
Medullary plasmacytoma
Myelomatosis
Plasma cell dyscrasia
Plasma cell myelomas
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Myelom
Myelom is a cancer that affects cells, called plasma cells, in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue at the centre of some bones that produces the body's blood cells. In many cases, treatmen... What is myeloma. Myeloma is a type of blood cancer. The cancer involves certain white blood cells called plasma cells. As a result, various.
Patient information leaflet
Proteinuria
Multiple myeloma , a type of cancer. For example, some types of multiple myeloma produce very high levels of b specific protein - called free light chains - which can spill over into the urine if blood levels get too high. People with complex diseases which may involve the kidneys - for example, systemic lupus erythematosus (this is a disease.
Patient information leaflet
Hyponatraemia
Diseases of the liver such as fibrosis or cirrhosis. Kidney failure. Falsely low sodium levels Very high cholesterol levels. Very high blood sugar levels. Too much protein in the blood, sometimes caused by a cancer called multiple myeloma. In these cases the result for the blood sodium will be low but the actual blood sodium level is normal. Who's.
Patient information leaflet
Antikropps- och antigentester
A positive ANA result can also occur in other conditions - such as viral infections, and cancers - and in patients who have relatives with ... A positive test will show your doctor that further testing is needed. To diagnose certain other conditions For example: Myelom is a condition where the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes which make.
Patient information leaflet
Immunsystemet
This leaflet gives a brief overview of the immune system and how it works. A person with a weak immune system might have difficulty fighting off infections. It contains sp... Some disorders of the immune system include: HIV and AIDS - when your immune system is weakened. Lymphoma , myelom and leukaemia - cancers of cells which are part of your.
Patient information leaflet
Stamcellstransplantation
A stem cell transplant is where blood stem cells (the cells produced by the bone marrow to turn into different types of blood cells) are put back into your body when your bone marrow has been destroyed and cannot make stem cells itself. There are two main types in the bone marrow - myeloid och lymphoid stem cells. A stem cell transplant is an.
Vidare läsning och referenser
- Multiple myeloma; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Bataille R. The multiple myeloma bone eco-system and its relation to oncogenesis. Morphologie. 2015 Jun;99(325):31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 May 23.
- Bianchi G, Anderson KC. Understanding biology to tackle the disease: Multiple myeloma from bench to bedside, and back. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014 Nov-Dec;64(6):422-44. doi: 10.3322/caac.21252. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
- Martino A, Campa D, Jurczyszyn A, Martinez-Lopez J, Moreno MJ, Varkonyi J, Dumontet C, Garcia-Sanz R, Gemignani F, Jamroziak K, Stepiel A, Jacobsen SE, Andersen V, Jurado M, Landi S, Rossi AM, Lesueur F, Marques H, Dudzinski M, Watek M, Moreno V, Orciuolo E, Petrini M, Reis RM, Rios R, Sainz J, Vogel U, Buda G, Vangsted AJ, Canzian F. Genetic variants and multiple myeloma risk: IMMEnSE validation of the best reported associations--an extensive replication of the associations from the candidate gene era. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Apr;23(4):670-4. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1115. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
- Munshi NC, Avet-Loiseau H. Genomics in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Mar 15;17(6):1234-42. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1843.
- NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program
- Rollig C, Knop S, Bornhauser M. Multiple myeloma. Lancet. 2015 May 30;385(9983):2197-208. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60493-1. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
Artikelhistorik
Artikeln finns också på Engelska, Tyska, Spanska, Franska, Italienska, Portugisiska, Hindi, Hebreiska, Arabiska, och Svenska.
18 Sept 2020 | Senaste versionen
1 May 2016 | Ursprungligen publicerad
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