collagen type XI alpha 1 chain
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Den COL11A1 gene provides instructions for making a component of type XI collagen called the pro-alpha1(XI) chain. Collagens are molecules that provide structure and strength to the connective tissues that support the body's muscles, joints, organs, and skin. Type XI collagen is normally found in cartilage, a tough but flexible tissue that makes up much of the skeleton during early development. Most cartilage is later converted to bone, except for the cartilage that continues to cover and protect the ends of bones and is present in the nose and external ears. Type XI collagen is also part of the inner ear; the vitreous, which is the clear gel that fills the eyeball; and the nucleus pulposus, which is the center portion of the discs between the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Normal function
Den COL11A1 gene provides instructions for making a component of type XI collagen called the pro-alpha1(XI) chain. Collagens are molecules that provide structure and strength to the connective tissues that support the body's muscles, joints, organs, and skin. Type XI collagen is normally found in cartilage, a tough but flexible tissue that makes up much of the skeleton during early development. Most cartilage is later converted to bone, except for the cartilage that continues to cover and protect the ends of bones and is present in the nose and external ears. Type XI collagen is also part of the inner ear; the vitreous, which is the clear gel that fills the eyeball; and the nucleus pulposus, which is the center portion of the discs between the bones of the spine (vertebrae).
Collagens begin as rope-like procollagen molecules that are each made up of three chains. The pro-alpha1(XI) chain combines with two other collagen chains, pro-alpha2(XI) and pro-alpha1(II), to form a triple-stranded procollagen molecule. Then the ropelike procollagen is processed by enzymes to create mature collagen. Mature collagen molecules arrange themselves into long, thin fibrils that form stable interactions (cross-links) with one another in the spaces between cells (the extracellular matrix). The cross-links result in the formation of very strong type XI collagen fibers.
Type XI collagen also helps maintain the spacing and width (diameter) of another type of collagen molecule, type II collagen. Type II collagen is an important component of the vitreous and cartilage. The arrangement and size of type II collagen fibrils is essential for the normal structure of these tissues.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
COLL6
collagen type XI alpha 1
collagen XI, alpha-1 polypeptide
collagen, type XI, alpha 1
STL2
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Vidare läsning och referenser
- collagen type XI alpha 1 chain; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
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- Akawi NA, Ali BR, Al-Gazali L. A response to Dr. Alzahrani's letter to the editor regarding the mechanism underlying fibrochondrogenesis. Gene. 2013 Oct 10;528(2):367-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.038. Epub 2013 Jul 29. No abstract available.
- Alzahrani F, Alshammari MJ, Alkuraya FS. Molecular pathogenesis of fibrochondrogenesis: is it really simple COL11A1 deficiency? Gene. 2012 Dec 15;511(2):480-1. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.069. Epub 2012 Sep 28. No abstract available.
- Annunen S, Korkko J, Czarny M, Warman ML, Brunner HG, Kaariainen H, Mulliken JB, Tranebjaerg L, Brooks DG, Cox GF, Cruysberg JR, Curtis MA, Davenport SL, Friedrich CA, Kaitila I, Krawczynski MR, Latos-Bielenska A, Mukai S, Olsen BR, Shinno N, Somer M, Vikkula M, Zlotogora J, Prockop DJ, Ala-Kokko L. Splicing mutations of 54-bp exons in the COL11A1 gene cause Marshall syndrome, but other mutations cause overlapping Marshall/Stickler phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Oct;65(4):974-83. doi: 10.1086/302585.
- Majava M, Hoornaert KP, Bartholdi D, Bouma MC, Bouman K, Carrera M, Devriendt K, Hurst J, Kitsos G, Niedrist D, Petersen MB, Shears D, Stolte-Dijkstra I, Van Hagen JM, Ala-Kokko L, Mannikko M, Mortier GR. A report on 10 new patients with heterozygous mutations in the COL11A1 gene and a review of genotype-phenotype correlations in type XI collagenopathies. Am J Med Genet A. 2007 Feb 1;143A(3):258-64. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31586.
- Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Calaza M, Evangelou E, Valdes AM, Arden N, Blanco FJ, Carr A, Chapman K, Deloukas P, Doherty M, Esko T, Garces Aleta CM, Gomez-Reino Carnota JJ, Helgadottir H, Hofman A, Jonsdottir I, Kerkhof HJ, Kloppenburg M, McCaskie A, Ntzani EE, Ollier WE, Oreiro N, Panoutsopoulou K, Ralston SH, Ramos YF, Riancho JA, Rivadeneira F, Slagboom PE, Styrkarsdottir U, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thorleifsson G, Tsezou A, Uitterlinden AG, Wallis GA, Wilkinson JM, Zhai G, Zhu Y; arcOGEN Consortium; Felson DT, Ioannidis JP, Loughlin J, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Stefansson K, van Meurs JB, Zeggini E, Spector TD, Gonzalez A. Assessment of osteoarthritis candidate genes in a meta-analysis of nine genome-wide association studies. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Apr;66(4):940-9. doi: 10.1002/art.38300.
- Tompson SW, Bacino CA, Safina NP, Bober MB, Proud VK, Funari T, Wangler MF, Nevarez L, Ala-Kokko L, Wilcox WR, Eyre DR, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Fibrochondrogenesis results from mutations in the COL11A1 type XI collagen gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Nov 12;87(5):708-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.009. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
Artikelhistorik
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19 dec 2024 | Senaste versionen
1 Apr 2016 | Ursprungligen publicerad
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