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What causes frozen shoulder?

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood. It is thought to occur when scar-like tissue forms inside the shoulder joint capsule, causing it to thicken and contract. This reduces the available space for movement and leads to stiffness and pain.

It can sometimes develop after an injury or a period of reduced shoulder use, such as after surgery, stroke or immobilisation. However, in many cases there is no obvious trigger and it appears to develop spontaneously.

Certain factors increase your chance of developing frozen shoulder. It is more common in people with diabetes och thyroid disorders, although the reason for this link is not fully clear. It is also slightly more likely to affect the non-dominant arm.

What to expect over time

Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages:

• Freezing stage - increasing pain, often worse at night, with gradually worsening movement.

• Frozen stage - stiffness becomes the main issue, while pain may reduce.

• Thawing stage - slow, gradual return of movement over many months.

The condition can last from several months to a few years. Most people recover good shoulder function in the long term, although the speed of recovery varies.

Frozen shoulder treatment: main approaches

There is no single treatment that rapidly cures frozen shoulder. Management focuses on symptom relief and maintaining movement while the condition runs its course.

Pain relief

Pain control is an important part of frozen shoulder treatment, particularly in the early stages. Simple analgesia such as paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to reduce discomfort and support movement. Some people find pain is worse at night, and medicine can help improve sleep.

Topical pain relief may also be considered in some cases, although effectiveness can vary.

Physiotherapy and movement

Fysioterapi is central to treatment. A physiotherapist will usually tailor exercises to the stage of the condition and the level of pain and stiffness.

The aim is to maintain and gradually improve range of motion using gentle, controlled movements.

Dessa kan inkludera:

• Pendulum exercises.

• Assisted stretching using the unaffected arm.

• Gradual range-of-motion exercises within pain limits.

It is important that exercises are continued at home, as consistency is key to maintaining progress.

Warming up your shoulder beforehand, for example with a warm shower or gentle movement, may help reduce discomfort. Some people also use heat or cold packs to ease symptoms before or after exercise.

Injections and other treatments

If pain is significantly affecting function, a corticosteroid injection into your shoulder joint may be offered. This does not cure frozen shoulder but can reduce inflammation and pain, particularly in the early stages, making physiotherapy more tolerable.

If symptoms persist despite conservative treatment, further options may be considered.

Dessa kan inkludera:

• Injecting fluid to stretch the joint capsule (hydrodilatation).

• Manipulation under anaesthetic.

• Keyhole surgery (arthroscopic capsular release).

These are generally reserved for more severe or prolonged cases.

Vanliga frågor

What should you not do with a frozen shoulder?

What is the fastest way to heal a frozen shoulder?

There is no proven way to quickly cure frozen shoulder. Recovery is naturally slow. The most effective approach is early pain management, regular guided physiotherapy and maintaining gentle movement. In some cases, steroid injections may help reduce pain enough to allow more effective exercise, which can support progress.

Will frozen shoulder go away on its own?

Yes. In most cases, frozen shoulder gradually improves without surgical treatment. However, recovery can take a long time, often months or even a couple of years. Symptoms usually improve in stages, with stiffness slowly easing during the thawing phase.

Can frozen shoulder be cured naturally?

Frozen shoulder often resolves over time without invasive treatment. Your body gradually reduces inflammation and the tight capsule can loosen. However, “natural” recovery is slow, and symptoms can significantly affect quality of life during the process. Gentle exercise and self-management can support recovery but do not usually speed it dramatically.

Sammanfattning

Frozen shoulder is a long-lasting but self-limiting condition characterised by pain and restricted shoulder movement. Frozen shoulder treatment focuses on reducing pain, maintaining mobility and supporting gradual recovery rather than providing a rapid cure.

Most people benefit from a combination of pain relief, physiotherapy and ongoing home exercises, while injections or surgical options are reserved for more persistent cases. Although recovery can be slow, the outlook is generally good, with most people regaining useful shoulder function over time.