Hur man slutar skjuta upp saker

Why do we procrastinate?

Wasting time through procrastination is something we are all guilty of doing from time to time. After all, the same psychological mechanisms are at work in all of us.

"Simply put, procrastination is delaying until later what we know would better be done or started now," says chartered psychologist and British Psychological Society (BPS) member Professor Stephen Palmer.

Palmer explains that procrastination behaviour is a product of two main psychological issues:

1. Ego-related procrastination - putting our ego on the line and fear of failure. For example, 'If I fail at this task, I'm a failure'.
2. Low frustration tolerance - a low tolerance to undertaking boring and/or frustrating and/or unexciting tasks. For example, 'I can't stand doing boring tasks'.

These factors cover a wide range of things that may hold us back, and they can act as major roadblocks to the self-control and motivation needed to carry out tasks. However, when we struggle with how to stop procrastinating, we seldom address the specific factors that are hindering us.

"Often people wait for it to feel right or for motivation to occur before starting any task. But it's only when you start a task that motivation really increases," adds Palmer.

If you're struggling to kickstart your New Year's resolutions, this may sound all too familiar. According to Palmer, New Year's resolutions typically trigger unhealthy procrastination behaviour, whether it's waiting for that drive to begin your new exercise routine, or waiting for not drinking on weeknights to feel like the right step to take. "Of course, it seldom feels just right to start something that will be an effort."

Risk factors for procrastination

Overcoming procrastination requires us to identify what’s causing us to postpone something unnecessarily before we can start to address it. There are lots of factors that could contribute to this gap between how we know we should behave, and how we act in reality.

Procrastination is also a widely known symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the charity CHADD emphasises that this form of procrastination is more extreme and can't be overcome in the same way.

When does procrastination become a problem?

Procrastinating occasionally isn't necessarily harmful. However, chronic procrastination - when this behaviour becomes a pattern in your day-to-day life - is an unhealthy habit that can negatively impact your mental health.

Mental and physical health

The relationship between procrastination and anxiety can become cyclical and hard to break; while anxiety and stress can lead to you procrastinating, chronic procrastination can increase stress levels.

This is also true of other negative emotions, like diminished self-esteem. For example, procrastinating because you fear you are incapable can end up feeding that fear and the underlying low self-esteem issue, rather than resolving it.

Forskning has also linked procrastination to poor physical health outcomes for people with högt blodtryck och hjärt-kärlsjukdom. Procrastination can become a maladaptive behaviour, preventing people from coping with their conditions in a healthy way. This can raise stress levels, which in turn may affect the body physically. Ultimately, this could make the person more vulnerable to their illness.

Palmer also adds that people who procrastinate might put off undertaking important health-related decisions and actions: "Their GP or practice nurse may have explained the problems about high alcohol intake, högt blodtryck, poor nutrition, eller rökning, but the person continues to delay taking healthy actions."

Abilities and accomplishments

Procrastinating has been shown to affect test scores negatively. There is also evidence to link procrastination with academic misconduct. This includes fraudulent excuses, plagiarism, and copying from others for homework and in exams.

These negative outcomes also exist in the workplace. One study found a strong link between procrastination behaviour and earning lower salaries. If you constantly delay important tasks, this may be hindering employment and promotional opportunities.

Hur man slutar skjuta upp saker

The good news is there are changes you can make to break the habit.

After this, what you choose to do will also depend on the demotivating factors that you believe apply most to you.

Here are some examples:

For the easily distracted

Remove any distractions from your surrounding environment, even if you're not yet ready to get started. If you are around other people but need to work alone, consider giving them a bit of advance notice and ask politely if there's a time that they're happy and able to be quieter while you work.

For the reward-driven

You may wish to arrange some kind of immediate reward that you can have if you manage to make a start. This may be quite small and budget-friendly, like a chocolate bar or an episode of your favourite show. The important thing is you'll receive it in the near future.

For the perfectionists

Before you undertake your goal, tell yourself that it's OK not to be the best or to make mistakes, even if you won't have a chance to make amends at the end. The more time you give to a project, the more skilled you will become.