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Hair and scalp problems in winter

How we feel about our hair is closely bound to our mental wellbeing. People who are happy with their hair tend to have better self-esteem, while those who are stressed can have hair loss as a result.

Healthy hair that feels hydrated and looks shiny can also tell us that we're absorbing all the water, vitamins and nutrients we need. For example, if you're dehydrated your body will direct whatever water it has to more critical functions - like regulating your internal temperature and keeping your joints lubricated - before it can reach your hair.

External factors like cold winter days can also cause hair and scalp problems. Hair and scalp specialist, Anabel Kingsley, Consultant Trichologist, Philip Kingsley, shares the signs of hair damage to look out for and what to do.

1. Dry hair

If your hair feels dry, it may have a crisp-like straw texture, look less shiny, be more frizzy, or tangle more easily than usual. In winter, this is likely a result of harsh temperatures, including being in rooms that have less moisture in the air due to central heating.

"Dry hair tends to be more porous, meaning it will absorb and lose moisture quickly so that it becomes brittle," says the London-based hair specialist. "On the other hand, healthy hair will retain moisture, making it elastic and less prone to breakage."

What else can dry hair mean?

Dry hair could also be a symptom of an underlying health issue that's disrupting your hair's ability to stay hydrated.

Examples include:

• Hypotyreos - where your thyroid glands don't produce enough thyroid hormones.

• Hypoparatyreoidism - a condition where the parathyroid glands don't produce enough parathyroid hormone decreasing the amount of the nutrient calcium in your blood.

Having dry hair alone doesn't often mean there's anything wrong in your body. If you're worried and feel you have other symptoms and not just dry hair, it's worth seeing your doctor.

2. Hair Loss

Hair loss - known medically as alopecia - can also increase in the winter for some. It often goes hand in hand with dry hair and a dry scalp, causing breakage and thinning.

"People also tend to shampoo less often in the winter, which can lead to the illusion you are losing more hair than usual, because good scalp hygiene is essential to hair growth," says Kingsley. "A healthy scalp is a clean scalp."

What else can hair loss mean?

If you're regularly shampooing and still notice a change in how much hair you're losing, there are some possible medical causes. These include:

• Stress - when stress leads to hair loss, this is called telogen effluvium. There are different ways to address your stress, including breathing techniques, terapi, talking to friends, and a healthy diet och exercise routine.

• Nutrient deficiencies - nutrients like biotin, iron, zinc and calcium all support healthy hair growth. A healthy diet is the main treatment, and supplement tablets might be recommended by your doctor.

• Manligt håravfall och female pattern baldness (androgenic alopecia) - this type of hair loss is caused by genetics, hormones and ageing.

• Alopecia areata - an autoimmune disease where your immune system triggers patches of total hair loss surrounded by your normal hair.

• Hypotyreos - where your thyroid glands don't produce enough thyroid hormones.

3. A flaky and itchy scalp

"Your scalp is living skin tissue that produces oil, sweats, and sheds skin cells," says Kingsley. "Dandruff and a flaky scalp are more common in the cold, dry temperatures of winter."

In some cases, this causes your scalp to become itchy, and scratching your scalp can damage your hair follicles - which can in turn slow or stop hair growth. To prevent hair loss, Kingsley recommends treating a flaky scalp as soon as possible.

What else can a flaky and itchy scalp mean?

If your scalp is very itchy, and if it's looking red and sore through your hair, you may have one of the following skin problems:

• An allergic reaction to a hair product - known as allergic contact dermatitis, an itchy and dry scalp could be caused by an ingredient in one of your hair products. For example, if you dye your hair black, an ingredient called para-phenylenediamine (PPD) can sometimes be the cause.

• Seborrheic dermatitis - a worse cause of dandruff that affects the scalp. It can also affect oily areas of the body, such as eyebrows and each side of the nose.

• Huvudlöss - small insects that live in human hair, causing an itchy scalp.

• Atopic dermatitis - a type of eksem that can develop on your scalp, resulting in redness and scaly, flaky skin. This can feel itchy or like a burning sensation.

• Scalp psoriasis - plaque psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes thick reddish patches called plaques on your skin, including your scalp.

4. Breakage and split ends

Both the cold outdoor temperatures of winter and the contrasting warmth of heated buildings can cause hair to break and split from the ends.

"As hair becomes drier and frizzier due to external factors in winter, the chances are your hair might break easily," Kingsley explains. "Breakage can lead to split ends, which if not looked after can really damage hair health, as they can split further up the hair shaft, causing even more damage."

It can also be tempting in winter to blow-dry your hair with high heat, to help keep yourself warmer. According to the hair specialist, using excessive heat over time can break down the keratin in the hair - an important protein that keeps hair strong and less prone to breakage.

What else can breakage and split ends mean?

Split ends and broken hair strands are most likely a sign of damaging hair styling habits. Along with those mentioned above, this could include towel-drying, over-brushing, and not having your hair trimmed enough. However, like dry hair and hair loss - which is closely linked to breakage and split ends - this can sometimes indicate an underlying health problem, including thyroid disorders. Till exempel, hypotyreos can cause hair to become brittle and prone to breakage.